Type of Treatments | Incubation time (h) | Acetic acid mmol/L | Propionic acid mmol/L | Butyric acid mmol/L | Isovaleric acid mmol/L | Caproic acid mmol/L | Total SCFA mmol/L |
Untreated | 12 | 19.89 | 107.8 | 5.42 | 1.61 | 7.2 | 141.92 |
24 | 19..91 | 109.35 | 5.87 | 1.64 | 7.42 | 144.19 | |
Micronization | 12 | 17.41 | 98.67 | 4.56 | 3.92 | 6.88 | 131.44 |
24 | 19.19 | 105.72 | 7.6 | 5.47 | 8.36 | 146.34 | |
Ultrasonic | 12 | 21.01 | 103.96 | 5.56 | 2.75 | 3.93 | 137.21 |
24 | 22.38 | 130.7 | 9.33 | 2.36 | 4.5 | 169.27 | |
Microwave | 12 | 7.4 | 53.6 | 1.64 | ND | 2.35 | 64.99 |
24 | 21.55 | 123.62 | 10.75 | ND | 7.15 | 163.07 | |
Extrusion | 12 | 1.47 | 121.8 | 5.87 | ND | ND | 129.14 |
24 | 25.45 | 135.76 | 7.19 | ND | 3.64 | 172.04 |